The Fast of the Tenth of Tevet (Asarah B'Tevet) holds a distinctive position in the Jewish calendar as the only minor fast day that can occur on a Friday according to our fixed calendar. This creates some unique halakhic considerations that deserve special attention.
Historical Background
The 10th of Tevet, known as Asarah B'Tevet, is a minor fast day in the Jewish calendar with significant historical and commemorative importance. Here's an overview of its history:
Siege of Jerusalem (588 BCE): The primary event commemorated on the 10th of Tevet is the start of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II. This siege began on the 10th of Tevet and lasted for about 30 months until the destruction of the First Temple on the 9th of Av, 586 BCE. The siege is seen as the beginning of the end for the First Temple period, leading to the Babylonian exile of the Jewish people.
Translation of the Torah into Greek (3rd Century BCE): There's a tradition linking the 10th of Tevet with the translation of the Hebrew Torah into Greek, known as the Septuagint. This translation was commissioned by King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt and was carried out by 72 Jewish scholars. Although the actual translation is said to have occurred on the 8th of Tevet, the 10th is sometimes associated with this event due to the proximity of dates in the Hebrew calendar. Some Jewish sources view this translation negatively, believing it could lead to misinterpretation or dilution of the Torah's sanctity.
Death of Ezra the Scribe: Though not universally observed on this date, there is a tradition that Ezra the Scribe, a pivotal figure in Jewish history who led the return from Babylonian exile and helped re-establish Jewish law, died on the 9th of Tevet. His death is sometimes remembered around this time, adding another layer of mourning to the fast day.
Unique Status
The Beit Yosef explains that the fast's observance on Friday is rooted in the biblical phrase "בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה" ("on this very day") used in connection with the Tenth of Tevet, similar to the language used for Yom Kippur. This indicates that the fast must be observed on the actual day, regardless of scheduling conflicts.
Special Considerations for Friday
When Asarah B'Tevet falls on Friday, several practical matters require attention:
Timing of the Fast
* The fast begins at dawn (alot hashachar)
* Unlike other Friday fasts, it continues until nightfall (tzet hakochavim)
* One should not end the fast early, even to accommodate Shabbat preparations
Shabbat Preparations
- Prayer services should be scheduled earlier than usual to allow adequate time for Shabbat preparations
- It's recommended to prepare as much as possible for Shabbat on Thursday
- If possible, someone who isn't fasting should taste the Shabbat foods during cooking
Prayer Modifications
* Selichot and other fast day prayers are recited as usual
* Avinu Malkeinu is omitted during Mincha due to the approaching Shabbat
* Tachanun is recited during Shacharit but not at Mincha
Breaking the Fast
* The fast ends at tzet hakochavim
* One should ideally recite kiddush before eating anything
* If someone feels weak, they may taste (without swallowing) the Shabbat foods while cooking
Medical Considerations
Those who are ill, pregnant, or nursing should consult their rabbi and medical professional regarding fasting. The unique circumstance of fasting into Shabbat may affect these decisions.
Contemporary Application
While fasting until nightfall on Friday may present challenges, it reinforces the historical significance of the Tenth of Tevet. The fact that this fast is never postponed emphasizes its importance in Jewish memory and practice.
Practical Tips
To make the fast more manageable when it falls on Friday:
* Hydrate well on Thursday
* Prepare Shabbat needs in advance
* Set aside time for rest during Friday afternoon
* Have everything ready for Shabbat before sunset
* Consider preparing a light pre-kiddush snack to break the fast gently
The occurrence of Asarah B'Tevet on Friday presents unique challenges but also offers special opportunities for reflection. The commitment to observe this fast in its proper time, even when it extends into Erev Shabbat reminds us of its significance in marking the beginning of the events that ultimately led to the destruction of the Temple.
0 Comments